Section
Trade & Industry
Trade, industry, value chains, productive policy and competitiveness.
The Trade & Industry section examines trade, value chains, industrial policy and European competitiveness. It places critical dependencies, corporate strategy and public choices in context.
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Spain–Morocco: The Indispensable Relationship
Spain–Morocco: The Indispensable Relationship
Fourteen kilometres apart at their closest point, Spain and Morocco have long maintained a relationship shaped by geographic proximity, historical mistrust and periodic crises. Yet beneath territorial, migration and diplomatic disputes, a much deeper interdependence has gradually
AnalysisRecent publications
England: Power Beyond Empire
England occupies a singular place in world history. Its territory is relatively limited, its natural resources have never been comparable to those of the great continental empires, and its population remains smaller than that of the world’s leading demographic powers. Yet for sev
Germany: Europe’s Industrial Powerhouse
For several decades, Germany embodied one of the most remarkable economic success stories of the modern era. Destroyed in 1945, divided during the Cold War, and reunified in 1990, it became Europe’s largest economy, one of the world’s leading exporters, and the industrial core of